The role of emerging technology in biohacking
Opportunities and challenges for Namibia
The world of biohacking is evolving at an unprecedented pace, fuelled by emerging technologies that blur the line between humans and machines. Among the most remarkable developments are brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), devices that allow the human mind to communicate directly with computers. At the forefront of this revolution is Elon Musk’s Neuralink, which has moved from concept to reality, demonstrating how technology can unlock new human capabilities.
In 2024, Neuralink initiated its first human trials, following approval from the US Food and Drug Administration after addressing safety concerns. The first participant, Noland Arbaugh, achieved a groundbreaking milestone by controlling a computer mouse solely with his thoughts. Since then, at least five paralysed individuals have used the device to operate smartphones and televisions using mental commands.
Plans for this year included expanding trials to 20 to 30 more participants, with long-term ambitions of generating $1 billion in annual revenue by 2031 and performing up to 20 000 implants per year. Future versions, including Telepathy, Blindsight, and Deep, aim to revolutionise communication, vision restoration, and cognitive enhancement.
The broader BCI market is also experiencing rapid growth. From an estimated US$2.05 billion in 2023, projections suggest the global market could exceed US$10 billion by 2033. Non-invasive BCIs, which do not require surgical implantation, are expected to see a compound annual growth rate of over 9%, highlighting the increasing accessibility and adoption of these technologies.
In the US alone, the market may reach US$2.7 billion by 2034. This surge signals a shift: BCIs are no longer science fiction but an emerging industry set to reshape healthcare, communication, and even entertainment.
Yet, the rise of neural technology comes with profound ethical and governance challenges. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) has warned of the risks of misuse, including manipulation of neural data. Concerns around mental privacy, cognitive liberty and equitable access are intensifying. International organisations such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the European Union have begun developing ethical frameworks, including the León Declaration, to ensure the responsible development of neurotechnologies.
For Namibia, these advancements may seem distant, but their potential impact is significant. Imagine a Namibian patient with paralysis regaining independence through thought-controlled devices, or universities collaborating on local neurotechnology research. At the same time, ethical considerations are just as critical here. Policymakers will need to safeguard citizens’ rights and ensure equitable access, preventing a scenario where only wealthier nations and individuals reap the benefits.
The rise of biohacking represents both an opportunity and a challenge for Namibia: a chance to embrace cutting-edge technology while ensuring it develops responsibly, ethically, and inclusively. As the intersection of science, technology, and human rights becomes ever more immediate, preparation is key to harnessing the promise of the future.